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ultrasound
A painless, harmless test that uses sound waves to produce images of the organs and structures of the body on a screen. Also called sonography.
umbilical cord
Connected to the placenta and provides the transfer of nutrients and waste between the woman and the fetus.
urethra
The tube that releases urine from the body.
urinalysis
A test that looks at urine to find out its content. Can be used to detect some types of diseases.
urinary tract infection
An infection anywhere in the urinary tract, or organs that collect and store urine and release it from your body (the kidneys, ureters, blad- der, and urethra). An infection occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from the digestive tract, cling to the urethra (opening to the urinary tract) and begin to multiply.
uteal phase defect
Problems with the uterine lining that can affect a woman’s ability to get pregnant and have a successful pregnancy
uterine contractions
During the birthing process, a woman’s uterus tightens, or contracts. Contractions can be strong and regular (meaning that they can happen every 5 minutes, every 3 minutes, and so on) during labor until the baby is delivered. Women can have contractions before labor starts; these are not regular and do not progress, or increase in intensity or duration.
uterine fibroids
Common, benign (noncancerous) tumors that grow in the muscle of the uterus, or womb. Fibroids often cause no symptoms and need no treatment, and they usually shrink after menopause. But sometimes fibroids cause heavy bleeding or pain, and require treatment.
uterus
A woman’s womb, or the hollow, pear-shaped organ located in a woman’s lower abdomen between the bladder and the rectum.
vaccine
A biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.
vagina
The muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body. Its walls are lined with mucus membranes and tiny glands that make vaginal secre- tions.
viruses
Small microscopic organisms that often cause disease.
vitamin
Any of various chemicals needed for metabolism. Vitamins are found in minute quantities in food, and some are produced by the body.
vulva
Opening to the vagina.
wheezing
Breathing with difficulty, with a whistling noise. Wheezing is a symptom of asthma.
womb
In female mammals, the organ in which the young are conceived and grow until birth.
yeast infections
A common infection in women caused by an overgrowth of the fun- gus Candida. It is normal to have some yeast in your vagina, but sometimes it can overgrow because of hormonal changes in your body, such as during pregnancy, or from taking certain medications, such as antibiotics. Symptoms include itching, burning, and irritation of the vagina; pain when urinating or with intercourse; and cottage cheese-looking vaginal discharge.
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